1
UNIT ONE
Getting to know you
初次见面 — 英语核心时态大阅兵 (Tenses and Questions)
语法一:Tense Review (三大核心时态总览)
现在、过去、未来的基本表达方式
英语时态的灵魂:助动词 (Auxiliary Verbs)
在英语中,时态的改变不仅仅是动词本身的变化,很大程度上依赖于**助动词**。
- 一般现在时:用 do / does
- 现在进行时:用 am / is / are
- 一般过去时:用 did
- 一般现在时:用 do / does
- 现在进行时:用 am / is / are
- 一般过去时:用 did
| 时态 (Tense) | 核心含义 (Usage) | 肯定句 (Affirmative) | 否定句 (Negative) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Present Simple (一般现在时) |
习惯、常规、真理 | She works in a bank. | She doesn't work on Sundays. |
| Present Continuous (现在进行时) |
此时此刻正在发生 | I am studying English now. | I am not sleeping. |
| Past Simple (一般过去时) |
过去已完成的动作 | We went to Paris last year. | We didn't go to Rome. |
语法二:Question Forms (疑问句黄金法则)
如何准确无误地提问
疑问词 (Wh-) + 助动词 (Aux) + 主语 (Sub) + 动词原形 (Verb)?
有助动词的常规句式
- Where do you live? (现在时)
- What is she doing? (进行时)
- Where did he go? (过去时)
无助动词的特殊句式 (Be动词)
当句子谓语只有 Be 动词时,直接把 Be 提前,不需要 do/does/did。
- Where are you? ✅ (不可以说 Where do you be?)
- Why was he late? ✅ (不可以说 Why did he be late?)
交际用语:Social Expressions (常见社交辞令)
How do you do?
您好(极度正式,初次见面)
How are you?
你好吗?(熟人问候)
Cheers!
干杯!/ 谢谢 / 再见 (英式)
Bless you!
保佑你!(别人打喷嚏时说)
Make yourself at home.
别客气,当自己家一样。
Have a good weekend!
周末愉快!
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UNIT TWO
The way we live
我们的生活方式 — 深刻辨析一般现在时与现在进行时
语法一:Present Simple VS Present Continuous
永久状态 vs 临时动作的巅峰对决
一般现在时 (Present Simple)
表示:习惯、长期的事实、普遍真理
He works in a bank.
他在银行工作。(这是他长期的职业)
Water boils at 100 degrees.
水在100度沸腾。(这是科学真理)
现在进行时 (Present Continuous)
表示:此时此刻正在进行,或现阶段的临时状态
He is working in the garden now.
他现在正在花园里干活。(只看当下)
I am staying with friends this week.
我这周暂住在朋友家。(临时状态)
语法二:State Verbs (状态动词的禁忌)
这些动词天生抗拒“进行时”!
什么是状态动词?
表示思想、感情、所有权或感官的动词,通常描述一种**状态**而不是具体的动作。这些动词**几乎不用于现在进行时 (is/are + ing)**,即使它们确实发生在“此时此刻”。
常见状态动词分类
思维 (Thoughts)
know, understand, think, believe
情感 (Feelings)
like, love, hate, want, prefer
拥有 (Possession)
have, belong, own
感官 (Senses)
hear, smell, taste, seem
✅
I understand what you mean. (我懂你的意思。)
❌
I am understanding what you mean. (极其错误的英语表达)
特例 (have):当 have 表示“拥有”时,不能用 ing (I have a car.)。但当 have 表示一个动作时,例如“吃”(have breakfast)、“洗澡”(have a shower),则完全可以用进行时 (I am having breakfast now.)。
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UNIT THREE
It all went wrong
一切都糟透了 — 过去时态大串讲与讲故事的技巧
语法一:Past Continuous (过去进行时)
像电影慢动作一样回放过去的某个瞬间
was / were + 动词的 -ing 形式
| 主语 | 肯定句 (Affirmative) | 否定句 (Negative) |
|---|---|---|
| I / He / She / It | I was reading a book. | She wasn't working. |
| You / We / They | They were playing tennis. | We weren't sleeping. |
核心用法:背景铺垫
过去进行时最常用来描述**过去某个特定时刻正在持续的动作**,或者为一个故事**铺垫背景**(例如天气如何,人们正在做什么)。
例:It was raining hard. People were rushing home. (雨下得很大。人们正急忙赶回家。)
例:It was raining hard. People were rushing home. (雨下得很大。人们正急忙赶回家。)
语法二:Past Simple VS Past Continuous 联合使用
“长动作”遭遇“短动作”的拦截
经典叙事模式:When 和 While
在讲故事时,我们通常用过去进行时表示一个漫长的、持续的背景动作,然后用一般过去时表示突然发生、打断背景动作的短暂事件。
⏳ 长 + ⚡ 短
I was having a shower when the phone rang.
我正在洗澡 (长动作) 时,电话突然响了 (短动作)。
⚡ 短 + ⏳ 长
She broke her leg while she was skiing.
她摔断了腿 (短动作),当时她正在滑雪 (长动作)。
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UNIT FOUR
Let's go shopping!
我们去购物吧! — 数量词的终极奥义
语法一:Countable vs Uncountable (可数与不可数名词)
可数名词 (Countable)
你可以直接数它们 (一个,两个...),它们有复数形式。
- an apple → two apples
- a car → cars
- a person → people
不可数名词 (Uncountable)
你不能直接数(通常是液体、粉末、抽象概念),**没有复数形式**!
- water (不可以是 waters)
- money (不可以是 moneys)
- information (不可以是 informations)
语法二:Expressions of Quantity (数量词矩阵)
much, many, a lot of, a few, a little
| 含义 | 可接【复数可数名词】 | 可接【不可数名词】 | 常用句型 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 很多 (大量) | many a lot of |
much a lot of |
many/much 常用在**否定和疑问句**。 a lot of 常用在**肯定句**。 |
| 一些 | some / any | some / any | some 用于肯定,any 用于否定/疑问 |
| 一点点,少量 | a few (几个) | a little (一点点) | 表示虽然少,但勉强够用。 |
实战例句演练
Many/Much
How many apples do we have? We don't have much time.
我们有多少苹果?(苹果可数) 我们没有太多时间了。(时间不可数)
A lot of
She has a lot of money and a lot of friends.
她有很多钱(不可数)和很多朋友(可数)。(肯定句中万金油用法)
Few/Little
I have a few friends. Can I have a little milk?
我只有几个朋友。(朋友可数) 能给我一点牛奶吗?(牛奶不可数)
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UNIT FIVE
What do you want to do?
你想做什么? — 动词不定式与未来表达法
语法一:Verb Patterns (动词+动词的黄金法则)
当两个动词相遇时会发生什么?
核心逻辑:取决于第一个动词
在英语中,如果一个句子有两个动词连用,第二个动词的形态(加 to 还是加 ing)完全由第一个动词的“性格”决定。
| 句型分类 | 常见动词 (第一个动词) | 例句示范 |
|---|---|---|
| 动词 + to do (不定式) | want, hope, would like, promise, decide, plan | I want to travel the world. They decided to sell the house. |
| 动词 + doing (动名词) | like, love, enjoy, hate, finish, mind | I enjoy reading in bed. She finished cleaning the room. |
| 动词 + sb + to do | tell, ask, want, help | She told me to go away. I want you to help me. |
语法二:Future Forms (未来表达法:will vs going to)
going to (经过深思熟虑的未来)
用于表达已经做好的计划和决定,或者有明显迹象表明要发生的事。
- I'm going to watch TV tonight. (我早就计划好了)
- Look at the clouds! It's going to rain. (有迹象的预测)
will (随口一说的未来)
用于表达说话瞬间做出的决定,或者没有把握的主观预测、承诺。
- "The phone is ringing." - "I will answer it!" (瞬间决定)
- I think he will win the match. (主观预测)
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UNIT SIX
Tell me! What's it like?
告诉我!它怎么样? — 描述事物的终极利器
语法一:Comparatives and Superlatives (比较级与最高级)
形容词的进化论
词尾变化规则表
| 形容词类型 | 原级 (Base) | 比较级 (Comparative + than) | 最高级 (the + Superlative) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 单音节 (直接加 er / est) | cheap / fast | cheaper / faster | the cheapest / the fastest |
| 辅音+元音+辅音结尾 (双写) | big / hot | bigger / hotter | the biggest / the hottest |
| 辅音 + y 结尾 (改i加er) | happy / dirty | happier / dirtier | the happiest / the dirtiest |
| 双音节及多音节 (加 more / most) | expensive / modern | more expensive | the most expensive |
| 不规则变形 (必须死记) | good bad far |
better worse further/farther |
the best the worst the furthest/farthest |
比较级
My car is faster than yours, but yours is more comfortable.
我的车比你的快,但你的更舒适。
最高级
This is the most expensive hotel in the city.
这是城里最贵的酒店。(最高级前永远别忘了 the!)
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UNIT SEVEN
Fame
名望 — 揭开现在完成时的神秘面纱
语法一:Present Perfect (现在完成时)
英语中最具“哲学感”的时态:连接过去与现在
核心逻辑:过去的动作,现在的影响
形式:have/has + 过去分词 (past participle, V3)。
当一件事发生在过去,但我们不关心具体时间,只关心它对现在造成的影响或经验时,使用现在完成时。
当一件事发生在过去,但我们不关心具体时间,只关心它对现在造成的影响或经验时,使用现在完成时。
▶
I have lost my keys.
我把钥匙丢了。(言下之意:我现在进不了门,强调对现在的影响。)
▶
She has been to London three times.
她去过伦敦三次。(人生经验,过去去过,但经验属于现在的她。)
语法二:现在完成时 VS 一般过去时
永远不要在完成时里加确定的过去时间!
一般过去时 (明确的过去时间)
如果有 yesterday, last week, in 1990 等,**必须**用过去时!
I saw the movie yesterday.
现在完成时 (未明确的过去)
时间是未知的,或者是 ever, never, just, already。
I have seen that movie. (啥时候看的不重要)
黄金搭档:for 和 since (表示持续到现在的时间)
| 搭配词 | 后面接什么? | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| for | 一段时间 (a period of time) | I have lived here for 10 years. |
| since | 一个时间点 (a point in time) | I have lived here since 2014. |
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UNIT EIGHT
Dos and don'ts
该做与不该做 — 情态动词的强弱法则
语法一:Modals of Obligation and Advice (义务与建议情态动词)
如何表达规矩、建议与必须
| 情态动词 | 强度 | 核心用法与含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| have to | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ | 外部强加的规则、法律或客观需求。 (翻译为“不得不,必须”) |
You have to wear a uniform at this school. |
| must | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ | 说话人主观上认为极其重要的事情。 (翻译为“我一定要,你必须”) |
I must call my mother today. |
| should | ⭐⭐⭐ | 善意的建议,不是强制的。 (翻译为“你应该”) |
You should go to bed early. |
否定形式的惊天陷阱!
must 和 have to 在肯定句中意思相近(都是“必须”),但在否定句中,意思天差地别:
- mustn't = 绝对禁止!不许做!(You mustn't smoke here. 你不许在这里抽烟。)
- don't have to = 没有必要做,但你想做也可以。(You don't have to get up early on Sunday. 星期天你不必早起。)
- mustn't = 绝对禁止!不许做!(You mustn't smoke here. 你不许在这里抽烟。)
- don't have to = 没有必要做,但你想做也可以。(You don't have to get up early on Sunday. 星期天你不必早起。)